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"Documenting Discrimination on the Basis of Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity in State Employment." //Williams Institute //. N.p., n.d. Web. 23 Aug. 2012. .

> Americans are state employees. > On average, state governments have six times as many employees as the next largest employer in > each state, and three times as many employees as the combined workforce of the next four > largest employers in the state.
 * 1) This report finds that there is a widespread and persistent pattern of unconstitutional discrimination by state governments on the basis of sexual orientation and gender identity, and there is no meaningful difference in the pattern and scope of employment discrimination against LGBT people by state governments compared to the private sector and other public sector employers.
 * 2)  There is also evidence that the list of documented examples that we have compiled far under-represents the actual prevalence of employment discrimination against LGBT people by state and local governments.
 * 3) This finding will support Congress in exercising its authority under Section 5 of the 14th amendment to provide a private right of action for damages under ENDA to state government employees who have suffered discrimination.
 * 4) According to data from the 2007 American Community Survey, over 6.2 million
 * 1) In every state, the state government is the largest employer
 * 1) From 1947 to 1961, more than 5,000 allegedly homosexual federal civil servants lost their jobs in the purges for no reason other than sexual orientation, and thousands of applicants were also rejected for federal employment for the same reason.
 * 2) During this period, more than 1,000 men and women were fired for suspected homosexuality from the State Department alone far greater number than were dismissed for their membership in the Communist party.
 * 3) The Cold War and anti-communist efforts provided the setting in which a sustained attack upon gay men and lesbians took place.
 * 4) The history of this Lavender Scare by the federal government has been extensively documented by historian David Johnson.
 * 5) Johnson has demonstrated that during this era government officials intentionally engaged in campaigns to associate homosexuality with Communism: homosexual and pervert became synonyms for Communis and traitor
 * 6) LGBT people were treated as a national security threat, demanding the attention of Congress, the courts, statehouses, and the media.
 * 7) In December 1950, the Hoey Subcommittee issued its report, entitled Employment of Homosexuals and Other Sex Perverts in Government, unanimously concluding that those who engage in acts of homosexuality and other perverted sex activities are unsuitable for employment in the Federal Government.‖ In the committee‘s view, homosexuals and other sex perverts should be barred from civil service positions, those who were already employed should be fired, and the government should expend resources to aggressively ferret them out.
 * 8) The immediate impact of the purge on the careers of civilian government workers was dramatic.
 * 9) Under Truman‘s loyalty-security program the number of homosexuals dismissed by the government each month went from an average of five to more than sixty per month.
 * 10) Between 1947 and 1952, the State Department dismissed homosexuals for security reasons‖ at about twice the rate of any other security or loyalty risks, including communists.